英语长难句 05_定语和定语从句01

关键词:定语成分、定语位置、定语从句-引导词、定语从句的特殊用法

一、什么是定语?

定语就是修饰名词(短语)的部分 …的+名词(短语)

二、定语的成分

1.形容词作定语

那只善良的夜莺失去了他的生命 The naive nightingale lost his life.

2.名词(短语)作定语:已形容词化

夜莺的歌声能使这朵玫瑰花开放 The nightingale’s singing can make the rose bloom.

3.介词短语作定语

窗外的夜莺听到了年轻人的感叹 The nightingale out of the window heard the sighs of the young man.

4.非谓语动词作定语

唱歌的夜莺最终因爱而死

In the end,the singing nightingale died bacause of love.

5.从句作定语

夜莺用生命换来的玫瑰没有帮到这个人 The rose which the nightingale exchangeed with his life failed to help the student.

三、定语的位置:“前小后大”

  1. 一个单词修饰名词,放到名词前;
  2. 两个及以上单词修饰名词,放到名词后;
在王子的舞会上,那个懂爱的年轻人被拒绝了

At the party of prince,the young man understanding love was rejected.

那个被抛弃的男生看起来很可怜

The dumped boy looks pitiful. 当过去分词修饰名词的时候,即使只有一个单词,也通常放到名词后 当形容词修饰不定代词时,即使一个单词,一般放到名词后。

四、定语从句

(一)构成

先行词[名词]+引导词+主+谓

1.引导词:按照先行词(8个)的种类分为5类

  1. 当先行词时人时,that,who,who,whose
  2. 当先行词是物时,that,which,whose
  3. 当先行词是时间时,that,which,when
  4. 当先行词是地点时,that,which,where
  5. 当先行词是原因时:that,which,why

从句不缺成分的时间先行词不要用代词

I will never forget the day when i meet you. 从句不缺成分,所以选择that和when中的when

I will never forget the day that we spent.

(二)引导词

  1. 代词(充当主、宾):who、whom、that、which
  2. 副词(不做主干成分):when、where、why
  3. 形容词(修饰离他最近的名词):whose

(三)练习

我喜欢屋顶是圆的房子

I like buildings whose roofs are round.

那个老人在他儿子到达的那天去世了

the old lady died on that day when her son arrive.

我们应该尊重哪些坚持梦想的穷孩子

We should respect those poor children who stick to their dreams.

她从来都喜欢父母有钱的男生

Boys whose parents are rich never fail to fascinate her.

我很喜欢猫🐱

Cat never fail to fascinate me.

母亲出生的那个城镇这么多年来一直是我向往的地方

The town where my mother was born has always been an attraction for me over the years.

五、定语从句的特殊用法

that引导的定语从句,如果在从句中充当宾语的话,那么可以省略。

(一)限制性定语从句VS非限制性定语从句

  1. 限制性定语从句直接修饰,与先行词关系紧密;非限制性定语从句起补充作用
  2. 限制性定语从句无逗号,可用that,非限制性定语从句有逗号,不可用that
  3. 非限制性定语从句不可省略
  4. 非限制性定语从句可以修饰句子,翻译成两个独立的句子

(二)非限制性定语从句的引导词

who、whom、whose、which

jane Eyre,who i have learned a lotfro,is a persistent lady.
He said he had clibed up the top of the Everest(喜马拉雅山脉),which i suspect very much.

(三)非限制性定语从句的翻译方法

分成两句翻译

Edison,whose inventions over 2000 …

翻译成“这”、“那”、“它”

这幅图片很令人深思,它想向我们穿法这个信息

The picture is fairly thought-provoking,which intends to convey to us this message.

as 和 which引导的非限制性定语从句

1. as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后,译成“正如”,which只能放在所修饰的句子的后面

众所周知,人往高处走,水往低处流

As is known to us all,man struggles upwards and water flows downwards.

man struggles upwards and water flow downwards,which is known to us all.

2022-08-01-11:05

Written on June 18, 2022